Women in the Gurkani Court of India and their Role in the Development of Persian Language and Literature (932-1135 AH)
zohreh
ghadiri
University of Isfahan
author
Ali akbar
Jafari
University OF Isfahan
author
Ali akbar
kajbaf
University of Isfahan
author
text
article
2020
per
Along with the kings, women in the Gurkani court of India were supported and encouraged by Persian-speaking poets and speakers to be of effect on the status and the stability of the Persian language and literature in India. They provided the ways and means of expanding the language among the Indian courtiers. Under the courtiers’ support, most of those women created great works in Persian and established schools and libraries to compile and translate prominent works of the Persian language. This provided the ground for the consolidation and learning of this language. Also, many such women have left behind prose and poetic works in Persian, which is due to their being fond of the Persian Language and Literature. What predisposed the situation for this enterprise was the literary education popular in the Gurkani Dynasty and the poetic and literary environment in which they grew. The present research aims to examine the role of Gurkani women in the expansion of the Persian language and literature. For this purpose, the main question is ‘How did the women in the Gurkani court influence the spread of the Persian language and literature in India?’ The significance of this research is that, so far, no independent study has been carried out on the role and performance of Gurkani women in the development and expansion of the Persian language and literature. The study addresses the subject via a descriptive-analytic method.
Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Yazd University
2645-453X
21
v.
44
no.
2020
9
41
https://kavoshnameh.yazd.ac.ir/article_1800_fab1d46731cd7f1ca9733f68ef855a36.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.29252/kavosh.2020.1800
A Study of the Evolution and performance of Simorgh in the Epic Poetry, Narrative scrapbooks (Tumar Naghali) and Folklore literature
Mahmood
Rezaii
Associate Professor at Shiraz University
author
marjan
keyvanpoor
M.A Student of Ancient Culture and Languages
author
text
article
2020
per
Simorgh is one of the mysterious characters of Shahnameh, which in many cases transforms the fate of the war or the hero with its own power. But despite the outstanding position of him in the epic literary and narrative scrapbooks, its evolution and performance have never been studied as a centralized work. Therefore, in this essay, we tried to examine the evolution and performance of Simorgh in three areas of pre-Islamic literature, epic literature and narratives. The results of this research indicate that, unlike Shahnameh, in the other post-Shahnameh epic poems,prose epics, narrative transcripts and Folklore literature , there are more widely used powers related to this bird such as: helping Faramarz, asking Sam for help to get rid of Argham Div, spelling the city of Eram, helping Rustam in defeating Sorkhab Div and releasing Rakhsh, helping Rustam in defeating Jabbar-Shah and retrieving the ring of Prophet Soleiman from Sakhre Div, calling on Zal to convert to Islam, predicting the defeat of Zahak, Supporting Fereydoun, designing the Kaviani flag and Feridun’s weapons, upbringing Zal, releasing Keykavous from Mazandaran, Finding Rakhsh and Informing Zal of Faramarz's Survival, Killing Esfandiar, helping Simorgh by Garshasp, Curing Rostam and birth delivery of Faramarz, Liberation Kaykhosrow, the coronation of Kayqhobad, killing Div-e Sepid, Choosing Rakhsh, victory over Sohrab, finding the way to survive Sohrab, and helping Zal to confront Borzu, Making armur of Rostam, keeping Rustam and Siavash from death.. On the other hand, regarding to the two aspects of Ahura and the demonic of Simorgh , his connection with Zervan is not impossible.
Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Yazd University
2645-453X
21
v.
44
no.
2020
43
86
https://kavoshnameh.yazd.ac.ir/article_1824_ad103c2e778c2c96e060f57c46c117f2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.29252/kavosh.2020.1824
Materialistic thoughts in the poems of Ahmad Shamlou
Mohamadjavad
Sadeghinaghdali
Ph.D. student of Persian literature and literature
author
Mahdi
Maleksabet
Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Yazd University
author
Yadolah
Jalalipandary
Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Yazd University
author
text
article
2020
per
With the Constitutional Revolution in Iran, materialism thoughts emerged in the literary works of some intellectuals of the time, such as Mirza Melkum Khan. Following the Russian revolution, these thoughts were accompanied by the idealistic thoughts of Persian authors about liberty and justice. With the spread of the Toudeh Party in Iran, materialistic thoughts began to be considered as progressive and gained considerable popularity among Persian poets. The foremost feature of this mode of thinking is the specific images of God, religion, human, nature, society, historical dialectics, disappointment and nihilism. Ahmad Shamlou has decorated his poems with materialistic thoughts about these items. The major focus of Ahmad Shamlou’s poems is on materialism. In his school of thought, the evolution cycle, human dialectics rather than material and spiritual dialectics, nature and reincarnation dialectics are formed to replace the theistic thought.
Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Yazd University
2645-453X
21
v.
44
no.
2020
87
116
https://kavoshnameh.yazd.ac.ir/article_1826_d481652abd7556fb344eaa6c31ff34ee.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.29252/kavosh.2020.1826
Manifestations of literary language in the headlines of “Bist-o-Si” news program: From rhetorical devices to literary figures
ghasem
namdar
semnan university
author
Yadollah
Shokri
semnan university
author
text
article
2020
per
Bist-o-Si news program has been our houseguest via channel 2 for years. The news headlines are the significant and sensitive section of this program. The present study tries to answer the questions “What are the most important literary usages in the headlines of this news program?” and “What is the purpose of literary practice in the news?” Thus, the present study first clarifies the concepts of ‘new’, ‘news headlines’, ‘Bist-o-Si news program’ as well as the news structure and then proceeds to explain the research answers. Due to the importance of “sentence” in the headlines of this news program, it is introduced along with the rhetorical points associated with and hidden in it. The second part of the study discusses the instances of oration and rhetoric as well as the figures of speech existing in the headlines. The research has been performed through a descriptive-analytic method and by the extraction of over 800 sequential pieces of news broadcast from October 23, 2013 to November 21, 2017.
Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Yazd University
2645-453X
21
v.
44
no.
2020
117
137
https://kavoshnameh.yazd.ac.ir/article_1837_581d5413b7c058a9938edd375af3ff6c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.29252/kavosh.2020.1837
Reflection of the musk color in Persian literature and evidence from Shahnameh for the use of musk and its associated materials as dyestuffs in old handwritings and paintings
fatemeh
salahshour
Department of Persian literature, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
author
ata mohammad
radmanesh
Professor, Department of Persian literature, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
author
mahbobeh
khorasani
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad
author
yaser
Hamzavi
Assistant professor, faculty of applied Art, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
Shahnameh is not just a literary work; it is also an important source that contains information about architecture, medicine, astronomy, dyestuffs and beliefs in ancient Iran. The color of the musk and the dyeing properties of this material ae referred to in literary texts in various ways, but they are more evidently used in the writing and painting of Shahnameh. Interestingly, despite the fact that musk and its color are referred to in literary texts, nowadays, it is known more as an aromatic material and its properties as a dye are ignored in Persian dictionaries. This has led to doubts about the color of the substance not only in the interpretation of poems but also in the scientific-historical facts related to the knowledge of dyes (for example, the classification of inks in ancient times). In this research, first, the reflection of the color of musk in Persian poems has been studied, and its being mentioned as a dyestuff in writings and paintings is proved based on the references in literary texts, especially Shahnameh and books about ancient Iranian dyestuffs. The musk in Shahnameh literature is a material for writing and painting. It is combined with words such as the anqas (black ink), amber, bitumen, abir, rose water, papagayi (the objects that were written on) Chinese Harir and Indian Parand. Lack of consideration for these items in literary texts has led to the defective interpretation of verses. In this research, based on the association of musk with other related terms in Shahnameh, the relationship between them and the color of musk has been studied. As the results show, there is a historical background for musk to have been used as a dye and ink in writing and painting. The study also presents discussions with which the poems that point to the color of musk and its accompanying materials will be easily understood.
Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Yazd University
2645-453X
21
v.
44
no.
2020
139
168
https://kavoshnameh.yazd.ac.ir/article_1838_6b2212ab0394773a4ab1b7dc272b2ba1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.29252/kavosh.2020.1838
Nonverbal communication in the story ‘Rostam and Sohrab’ by Ferdowsi
amin
banitalebi
Persian Language and Literature Department, College of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, iran
author
Sayyed Jamal adin
Mortazavi
Assistant Professor of Shahrekord University
author
text
article
2020
per
Every act of communication is connected to encryption, which refers to any regular and integrated sequence of symbols, words, and letters optionally used to convey concepts. There are two categories of codes, verbal codes and non-verbal codes. Non-verbal codes include codes that relate to physical movements, use of time and space, clothing, makeup, and sounds that are not related to language. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the story of Rostam and Sohrab by Ferdowsi in terms of non-verbal codes of communication. This is done from an interdisciplinary point of view. As it is found, Ferdowsi has used a wide range of non-verbal codes in this story which give it dynamicity, mobility and truthfulness. The story is also endowed with great effects on the audience, leading to its persuasion. The most frequent and prominent messages taken from non-verbal cues are sadness, anger and battle, which are in perfect harmony with the tragic-epical nature of the story. In this paper, the non-verbal instances of communication in the Rostam and Sohrab story are identified and examined by a descriptive-analytical method. The corresponding diagrams and frequencies are also presented.
Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Yazd University
2645-453X
21
v.
44
no.
2020
169
206
https://kavoshnameh.yazd.ac.ir/article_1876_909ae497697ef81256cc6eb8319d3df3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.29252/kavosh.2020.1876
Epic Traditions in Adib-e-Pishavaryʼs Gheysar Nameh
vahid
rooyani
golestan university, persian literature department
author
text
article
2020
per
Adib Peshawari is one of the most prominent traditionalist poets of the contemporary era who educated in Afghanistan and Iran under the great masters of the time. He left behind various literary works in poetry and prose the most famous of which are the Persian-Arabic Divan and the Gheysarnameh. Gheysarnameh is a collection of epic poems influenced by Ferdowsi's Shahnameh in praise of the German Gheysar. In the world of literature, this epic is considered more related to literary traditions than the works of other epic writers. It is one of the most famous epics of the Constitutional Revolution period. In this study, the book is examined in terms of six main elements of the epic tradition including motivation, hero, structure, language, mythology and narrative context. The results show that the Adib’s motive was not nationalistic, and he wrote those poems because of the hatred and a sense of revenge for the British colonialism. He has used mythologies and described some of the characteristics of his hero in the format of epic traditions. Regarding the language, Adib is loyal to the language traditions, but, when choosing vocabulary, he does not pay attention to the textual content of the story. Moreover, there is no narrative structure in Gheysar Nameh, nor has the author paid attention to it at all.
Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Yazd University
2645-453X
21
v.
44
no.
2020
207
239
https://kavoshnameh.yazd.ac.ir/article_1901_cafbb7445034f1dfa9e6f399593d28a1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.29252/kavosh.2020.1901
Investigating the narration of the story of Rostam and Esfandiar by scops
REZA
ASHRAFZADE
Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch
author
Bahman
Dameshghi khiabani
Persian Language and Literature
author
text
article
2020
per
Orally narrated scrolls are an important component of folk narrative literature. A scroll is a written narrative text compiled by a scop. A scop and his pupils narrate a story based on it. In terms of content, a scroll includes components from Shahnameh stories (usually from the beginning to the end of the Bahman’s story), extracts from heroic poems (continuation of Shahnameh such as Garshaspnameh, Samnameh, Bahmannameh, Borzunameh, Banoo Goshespnameh, Faramarznameh and the like), some genuine oral epic narratives and heroic stories that have long been common among among the people but not written by predecessors, and the stories that have been created by some talented scroll designers In this article, an overview of the history of the oral narrative art is given, and the story of Rostam and Esfandiar is examined from the perspective of scops. Also, the similarities and differences between oral and written modes of narration are enumerated. As the results of the analysis show, a scop’s narration reflects certain perceptions of the story arising from personal or group aspirations and ideals, but the narration is tied to the core of the story. Based on this attachment, the scops who narrate Shahnameh transform what really is into what should be or they wish to be and add it to the main body of the story.
Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature
Yazd University
2645-453X
21
v.
44
no.
2020
241
263
https://kavoshnameh.yazd.ac.ir/article_1902_484505f1e5f10838198d0acb61855628.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.29252/kavosh.2020.1902